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| Product Name | FAD Disodium Salt (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide), ≥95% Purity |
| Catalog No. | IEC-HMM-0074 |
| Description | Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) disodium salt, an essential redox cofactor for numerous flavoprotein enzymes including glucose oxidase, D-amino acid oxidase, monoamine oxidase, and glutathione reductase. Supplied as a high-purity (>95%) lyophilized powder suitable for biochemical assays, enzyme reconstitution, and cell culture medium supplementation. Each lot is tested for moisture content and spectrophotometric purity. |
| Intended Use | Redox cofactor for flavoenzyme activity assays; enzyme reconstitution and activation; cell culture medium supplementation; biochemical research; prosthetic group for apo-flavoprotein studies. |
| Principle / Technology | FAD functions as a prosthetic group that accepts and donates electrons through its isoalloxazine ring system; cycles between oxidized (FAD), semiquinone (FADH•), and reduced (FADH₂) states; covalently or non-covalently bound to flavoproteins |
| Detection Method | Prepare 10-100 mM stock solutions in water or buffer; FAD is light-sensitive — protect stock and working solutions from light; typical working concentration 10 µM-1 mM depending on enzyme |
| Components / Formulation | FAD disodium salt hydrate (C₂₇H₃₁N₉O₁₅P₂·2Na), ≥95% purity by HPLC |
| Storage Conditions | -20 °C, desiccated, protected from light; hygroscopic — keep container tightly sealed with desiccant |
| Shelf Life | 36 months at -20 °C in sealed, desiccated container |
| Package Specifications | 100 mg, 500 mg, 1 g, 5 g in amber glass vials |
| Product Form | Lyophilized orange-yellow powder |
| Key Features | High purity ≥95% by HPLC; spectrophotometric purity ratio A260/A450 2.8-3.2; low moisture <8%; supplied in amber vials for light protection; each lot includes CoA with HPLC chromatogram; endotoxin tested for cell culture applications |
| Purity | ≥95% by HPLC at 260 nm; spectrophotometric ratio A260/A450 = 2.8-3.2; water content <8% by Karl Fischer; heavy metals <20 ppm |
| Concentration | Enzymes at specified U/µL; coenzymes at specified mM concentration |
| Activity / Unit Definition | One unit incorporates 10 nmol dNTP into acid-insoluble form in 30 min at specified temperature (polymerases); other enzyme units per product specification |
| Molecular Weight | 829.51 g/mol (disodium salt, anhydrous); hydrate form molecular weight varies by water content |
| Source / Origin | Synthetic; produced by phosphorylation of riboflavin (vitamin B2) |
| pH Range / Optimal pH | pH 7.5–8.5 for polymerase activity; pH 7.5–8.0 for ligation; pH 7.5–8.0 for transcription |
| Shipping Conditions | Ambient temperature; protect from light during transit |
| Expiration Date / Stability | 36 months at -20 °C desiccated, protected from light; 12 months at 4 °C; discard if powder changes from orange-yellow to brown indicating photodegradation; stock solutions in water: 1 week at 4 °C protected from light, 1 month at -20 °C |
| Regulatory / Compliance | For laboratory and research use only; RUO; CAS 146-14-5 (FAD), 84366-81-4 (disodium salt); not classified as dangerous goods; ISO 9001 |
| Compatibility | Soluble in water (~50 mg/mL); dissolved in PBS or Tris buffers at pH 7-8; solutions are light-sensitive — always wrap tubes in foil; avoid solutions with heavy metal contamination which catalyze FAD degradation; compatible with enzymatic assay systems |
| Recommended Buffer System | Tris-HCl, KCl, MgCl₂-based buffers; glycerol-containing storage buffers |
| Application Notes / Precautions | Aliquot enzymes to avoid repeated freeze-thaw; use dedicated nuclease-free workspace; verify enzyme activity for critical applications |
| Batch-to-Batch Consistency | Enzyme specific activity within ±15% of reference lot; functional testing per lot |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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