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| Product Name | ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate, Molecular Biology Grade) |
| Catalog No. | IEC-HMM-0062 |
| Description | Ultrapure adenosine 5'-triphosphate supplied as a disodium salt solution at 100 mM. ATP is the universal energy currency of living cells and serves as an essential cofactor and substrate for numerous enzymatic reactions including ligation (T4 DNA Ligase), phosphorylation (T4 Polynucleotide Kinase), bioluminescent detection (luciferase), and many kinase-mediated processes. |
| Intended Use | Cofactor for ATP-dependent DNA and RNA ligases; substrate for kinase reactions; energy source in bioluminescence ATP detection assays for cell viability and microbial contamination testing; component of in vitro translation systems; firefly luciferase reporter gene assays. |
| Principle / Technology | ATP hydrolysis to ADP and inorganic phosphate (ΔG°' = -30.5 kJ/mol) drives thermodynamically unfavorable reactions through coupled enzyme mechanisms. The gamma-phosphate is the primary site of enzymatic transfer in kinase and ligase reactions. |
| Detection Method | Purity by HPLC (>99%). Concentration by UV absorbance at 259 nm (ε = 15,400 M⁻¹cm⁻¹). Functional testing in ATP-dependent ligation and kinase assays. |
| Sample Type | Reagent component for ATP-requiring enzymatic reactions. |
| Performance Range / Specifications | Concentration: 100 mM +/- 5% in nuclease-free water. Effective at 0.1-10 mM final in most enzymatic reactions. T4 DNA Ligase requires 0.1-1 mM ATP; T4 PNK requires 1 mM ATP; luciferase requires 0.5-5 mM ATP. |
| Sensitivity / LOD | Supports ligation efficiency >95% at 0.1 mM ATP. Bioluminescent detection sensitivity down to sub-femtomole levels with optimized luciferase systems. |
| Specificity | >99% pure; no detectable ADP, AMP, adenosine, or other nucleotide contaminants by HPLC. Free of ATPase and phosphatase activities. |
| Reaction Conditions / Protocol | Freshly dilute from 100 mM stock. Add to reaction master mix at the required final concentration. For ligation: 0.1-1 mM. For kinase: 1-2 mM. Prepare working dilutions in nuclease-free water. |
| Components / Formulation | Adenosine 5'-triphosphate, disodium salt, 100 mM in ultrapure nuclease-free water, pH 7.0-7.5. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at -20 °C to -30 °C protected from light. Aliquot for single use to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Shelf Life | 24 months at -20 °C. |
| Package Specifications | 0.25 mL, 1 mL, 5 mL, 25 mL, and 100 mL configurations. |
| Product Form | Clear, colorless aqueous solution. |
| Quality Control | HPLC purity, UV concentration, DNase/RNase/phosphatase contamination, functional performance in T4 DNA ligase assay. |
| Key Features | Universal energy cofactor; HPLC-pure for sensitive enzymatic reactions; nuclease-free for molecular biology applications; dependable across a broad spectrum of protocols. |
| Purity | >= 99% by HPLC. Detection at 259 nm. |
| Concentration | 100 mM standard. Other concentrations (10, 200, 500 mM) available. |
| Activity / Unit Definition | Enzymatic utilization efficiency equivalent to freshly prepared ATP from any reputable source. Km values vary by enzyme (typically 1-100 uM). |
| Molecular Weight | 551.1 g/mol (disodium salt, anhydrous). |
| Source / Origin | Synthesized from adenosine via chemical or enzymatic phosphorylation. Produced in ISO-certified facilities. |
| pH Range / Optimal pH | Solution pH 7.0-7.5. ATP is most stable at neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Acidic conditions promote hydrolysis. |
| Shipping Conditions | Shipped with cold packs. Stable at ambient temperature for up to 5 days. |
| Expiration Date / Stability | 24 months at -20 °C. Hydrolysis monitored by HPLC. Avoid contamination with phosphatases or divalent cations without chelators. |
| Regulatory / Compliance | ISO 9001 certified. Suitable for IVD raw material supply. |
| Compatibility | Substrate for all ATP-dependent enzymes. Not compatible with reactions requiring GTP, CTP, or UTP specifically. |
| Recommended Buffer System | Supplied in nuclease-free water. Custom buffer formulations available. |
| Application Notes / Precautions | Thaw on ice. Prepare working dilutions fresh daily. For luciferase assays, use ATP-free water and reagents to minimize background. ATP solutions slowly hydrolyze even at -20 °C; use within the stated shelf life. |
| Batch-to-Batch Consistency | HPLC purity and concentration verified per batch. Ligation assay functional performance consistent within +/- 10%. |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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