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| Product Name | Streptozotocin (STZ) |
| Catalog No. | RESK-0263 |
| Description | Streptozotocin (STZ) is an antitumor antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species (Aureobasidium pullulans-related) and can also be synthesized artificially. It is commonly used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. At the same time, STZ selectively destroys pancreatic islet beta cells in certain animal species and can induce diabetes in many animals; rats and mice are generally used to establish animal models. The preparation of type 1 and type 2 diabetes animal models is related to the injected STZ dose: high-dose injection directly causes extensive destruction of islet beta cells, producing a type 1 diabetes model; injection of a smaller amount of STZ only partially impairs islet beta cell function, causing peripheral tissue insensitivity to insulin, which, combined with high-calorie diet feeding, induces an animal model with pathological and physiological changes close to human type 2 diabetes. In addition, STZ is widely studied in anti-leukemia research, DNA methylation, and anti-nephritis research. |
| Intended Use | Induction of type 1 and type 2 diabetes animal models (rats, mice) through selective destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells; also widely used in anti-leukemia, DNA methylation, and anti-nephritis research. |
| Principle / Technology | STZ is a nitrosourea compound (glucosamine-nitrosourea antibiotic) that selectively enters and destroys pancreatic islet beta cells. A high single dose causes extensive beta-cell destruction (type 1 diabetes model), while a low dose combined with a high-fat/high-calorie diet induces insulin resistance with partial beta-cell dysfunction (type 2 diabetes model). |
| Specificity | Selective destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells in certain animal species. |
| Reaction Conditions / Protocol | Using the diabetes model as an example: 1. Prepare citrate buffer: Solution A: dissolve 2.1 g of citric acid (MW 210.14) in 100 mL of double-distilled water. Solution B: dissolve 2.94 g of trisodium citrate (MW 294.10) in 100 mL of double-distilled water. Mix solutions A and B at a certain ratio (1:1.32, or 1:1 in some protocols), measure the pH, and adjust the pH to 4.2-4.5 to obtain the citrate buffer for STZ preparation. 2. Pre-injection preparation: place STZ in a dry, sterilized bottle wrapped with aluminum foil, pre-cool it together with the citrate buffer in an ice bath, and bring them to the animal facility for use. 3. Injection solution preparation: fast the rats overnight and weigh them. Group the rats and dissolve STZ according to the groups. Prepare a 1% STZ injection solution with citrate buffer based on fasted body weight. If the injection procedure is not yet proficient, do not dissolve all the STZ at once. Note: STZ is easily inactivated; after rapid weighing, it must still be kept dry and protected from light (dry aluminum/tin foil is recommended). 4. Injection: intraperitoneal injection or tail vein injection. If the injection technique is not proficient, inject the two groups alternately and complete the injections within 30 minutes. Note: rapid injection is generally required. Reference dosing (for rats with an average body weight of 200 g): type 1 diabetes model, 65-70 mg/kg; type 2 diabetes model, 25-40 mg/kg in rats fed a high-sugar/high-fat diet for 1-2 months. For mice: BALB/c mice are sensitive, generally 30-40 mg/kg; KM mice are more tolerant, 80-100 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection. These doses are for reference only; pilot experiments are recommended to determine the optimal dose. |
| Components / Formulation | Streptozotocin (STZ) powder; CAS 18883-66-4. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at -20 °C, protected from light and moisture. The product is deliquescent. For repeated sampling/weighing: keep the operating environment, containers, and aliquoting tools dry; seal the bottle mouth with sealing film after aliquoting, wrap the bottle with aluminum foil (light protection), place it in a desiccator (with desiccant), and store at -20 °C for long-term storage. |
| Shelf Life | 2 years (at -20 °C, protected from light and moisture). |
| Package Specifications | 100 mg 500 mg 1 g |
| Product Form | Powder. |
| Source / Origin | Antitumor antibiotic (nitrosourea compound) produced by a Streptomyces species; also available by chemical synthesis. CAS 18883-66-4. |
| pH Range / Optimal pH | Optimal pharmacological activity at pH 4.2-4.5 (citrate buffer). |
| Shipping Conditions | Shipped with ice packs. |
| Expiration Date / Stability | 2-year shelf life at -20 °C, protected from light and moisture. The product is deliquescent; it loses activity within 30 minutes after moisture absorption. STZ aqueous solutions are extremely unstable; the injection solution must be prepared immediately before injection. |
| Regulatory / Compliance | For research use only. |
| Recommended Buffer System | Citrate buffer, pH 4.2-4.5 (solution A: 2.1 g citric acid, MW 210.14, in 100 mL double-distilled water; solution B: 2.94 g trisodium citrate, MW 294.10, in 100 mL double-distilled water; mix A:B at 1:1.32 or 1:1 and adjust pH to 4.2-4.5). Other buffers (e.g., acetate) can be used, but citrate buffer is recommended because the pH is easier to control. |
| Application Notes / Precautions | STZ is unstable when moist; for repeated weighing, strictly follow moisture-avoidance procedures during operation and storage. The operating environment, containers, and aliquoting tools must be kept dry. Prepare the injection solution only immediately before injection, because STZ aqueous solutions are extremely unstable. For research use only. Fast rats for more than 12 hours (generally overnight fasting with free access to water) before modeling; the longer the fasting, the more pronounced the destruction of islet beta cells by STZ, and the lower the dose required. Tail vein (intravenous) injection gives higher drug utilization and can save drug compared with intraperitoneal injection, but is less convenient to perform. Faster injection more readily induces hyperglycemia; slower injection is relatively safer but less likely to establish the model. Rapid injection is generally required; STZ dose is the main factor determining blood glucose levels. If the model does not meet the standard, a supplementary STZ injection (10-20 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal) can be given three days later, or re-model at the routine dose after blood glucose returns to normal. Pilot experiments are very important: determine the appropriate dose for your own animals based on pilot results rather than blindly following literature values. |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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