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| Product Name | Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt (DSS), MW 36,000-50,000, Colitis Model Grade |
| Catalog No. | RESK-0262 |
| Description | Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) is a polyanionic derivative of dextran, formed by esterification of dextran with chlorosulfonic acid. Its sulfur content is approximately 17%, corresponding to an average of 1.9 sulfate groups per glucose residue of the dextran molecule. DSS has several characteristics: 1) it is a polyanionic complex that is soluble in water, forming a colorless aqueous solution; 2) it is of high purity with good stability; 3) it can be naturally degraded. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing gastrointestinal inflammation that increases the risk of intestinal tumorigenesis, mainly including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Since the first report in 1985 of a hamster ulcerative colitis model prepared with dextran sulfate sodium, extensive studies have demonstrated that the DSS colitis model closely resembles human ulcerative colitis in histological features, clinical manifestations, disease location, and cytokine profiles. The model is simple to establish, inexpensive, highly reproducible, and easy to master and disseminate. The DSS concentration and administration period can be adjusted according to the experimental purpose to establish acute, chronic, or acute-chronic alternating models. This product is molecular biology grade and is intended for research use only; it is not suitable for clinical diagnosis. |
| Intended Use | Induction of acute, chronic, and relapsing ulcerative colitis/inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) animal models in rodents (mice, rats) and other experimental animals. |
| Principle / Technology | DSS is a polyanionic dextran derivative with a sulfur content of about 17% (average 1.9 sulfate groups per glucose residue). DSS with a molecular weight of 36,000-50,000 Da has suitable water solubility and intestinal permeability: it damages the intestinal mucosal barrier and induces colitis whose histological and clinical features closely resemble human ulcerative colitis. Lower-molecular-weight DSS is less inflammatory, while higher-molecular-weight DSS is poorly absorbed by the intestine and is less effective for colitis induction. |
| Performance Range / Specifications | Polyanionic complex; soluble in water, forming a colorless aqueous solution. High purity with good stability. Naturally degradable. Sulfur content: approximately 17% (average 1.9 sulfate groups per glucose residue). Molecular weight: 36,000-50,000 Da. |
| Reaction Conditions / Protocol | Administration in drinking water (free drinking): Acute colitis model: 3%-5% DSS in drinking water for about 7 days. Chronic colitis model: 1%-3% DSS in drinking water for about 9 weeks. Daily water intake reference: mouse (20-25 g) 7-10 mL per animal per day; rat (100 g) 10-11 mL per animal per day. Oral gavage (quantitative): administer 2% DSS solution by gavage at 10:00, 14:00, and 18:00 daily, 30 mL/kg each time, with no additional water supply; provide sufficient mixed-formula pelleted feed after the last gavage of the day and remove the feed at 8:00 the next day; model for 9 consecutive days. The optimal dose depends on animal species, strain, body weight, and administration route; pilot experiments are recommended based on relevant literature. Keep the DSS batch consistent between pilot and formal experiments to minimize batch-related variation. |
| Components / Formulation | Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS), polyanionic derivative of dextran; CAS 9011-18-1. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at room temperature. |
| Shelf Life | 2 years. |
| Package Specifications | 25 g 100 g 500 g 1 kg |
| Product Form | Powder (water-soluble). |
| Purity | High purity (colitis model grade). |
| Molecular Weight | 36,000-50,000 Da |
| Source / Origin | Polyanionic derivative of dextran formed by esterification with chlorosulfonic acid; CAS 9011-18-1. |
| Shipping Conditions | Shipped at room temperature. |
| Expiration Date / Stability | 2 years when stored at room temperature; good stability. |
| Regulatory / Compliance | Molecular biology grade. For research use only; not for clinical diagnosis. |
| Recommended Buffer System | Dissolve in drinking water (typically 1%-5% w/v) for administration. |
| Application Notes / Precautions | DSS concentration is the most critical factor for successful modeling; failed modeling may result from too low a DSS concentration, too short an administration period, or the animals not drinking the DSS solution. Solutions: increase the DSS concentration (up to 10% DSS has been reported in the literature); extend the administration period (continuous dosing for 7-10 days); check for bottle leakage or blockage. Individual animals vary; some mice may not show body weight loss until day 5. If no obvious symptoms appear by day 7, consider increasing the DSS concentration to 3.5%-5%. Only DSS within the appropriate molecular weight range is suitable for colitis modeling; lower-molecular-weight DSS is less inflammatory, and higher-molecular-weight DSS is not absorbed by the intestine. Residual DSS in DNA extracted from fecal samples or RNA extracted from colon tissue may inhibit downstream PCR/RT-PCR; spermine can be used to remove the DSS inhibition (reference: Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2018 Jan, 144: 1-7). In acute colitis models, colon shortening may not be obvious; the colon may appear relatively brittle, transparent, and hyperemic, and cecal enlargement may result from inflammation-related congestion and edema. Evaluation by H&E staining is recommended. Keep the DSS batch consistent between pilot and formal experiments. |
| Batch-to-Batch Consistency | Use the same DSS batch for pilot and formal experiments to minimize batch-to-batch interference. |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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