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| Product Name | Clodronate Liposomes Kit (with Control Liposomes) |
| Catalog No. | RESK-0512 |
| Description | Clodronate liposomes are currently the most mature, convenient and economical tool for macrophage depletion, enabling effective clearance of macrophages from multiple tissues and sites in animals, including liver, spleen, lung and blood; they are the most widely used method for macrophage depletion. After injection into an organism, clodronate liposomes are phagocytosed by macrophages. Under the action of lysosomal phosphatases within the macrophages, the clodronate dissolved in the liposomes is gradually released and accumulates intracellularly; when a certain concentration is reached, the macrophages are irreversibly damaged and undergo apoptosis. This product is a combination kit containing the in vivo macrophage depletion reagent (Clodronate Liposomes) together with blank Control Liposomes (PBS) as a negative control. Customer-verified data: depletion of perivascular macrophages using the clodronate liposomes in this kit reduced perivascular macrophages in the experimental group to approximately 20% of the control group. |
| Intended Use | For in vivo depletion of macrophages in animal studies (e.g., liver, spleen, lung and blood), with matched blank control liposomes included as a negative control. |
| Principle / Technology | Clodronate liposomes are phagocytosed by macrophages after administration. Lysosomal phosphatases gradually release the encapsulated clodronate, which accumulates inside the macrophage; above a threshold concentration the macrophage is irreversibly damaged and undergoes apoptosis, resulting in selective macrophage depletion. |
| Detection Method | Macrophage depletion can be verified by flow cytometry (recommended markers: F4/80 and CD11b) or by immunohistochemistry. |
| Sample Type | Laboratory animals (in vivo use); the product can also be used for in vitro macrophage depletion, although it is better suited for in vivo experiments. |
| Performance Range / Specifications | Clodronate concentration: 5 mg/mL (drug concentration) Liposome type: multilamellar (multi-chamber) liposomes; anionic Liposome particle size: less than 10 um Control: blank Control Liposomes in PBS |
| Specificity | Selectively depletes phagocytically active macrophages. In rats, all ED2+ cells can be completely depleted, whereas ED1+ cells are only partially depleted because some ED1+ ED2- precursor cells have little or no phagocytic function; the depletion ratio depends on the precursor/mature macrophage ratio. |
| Reaction Conditions / Protocol | Use the product as the supplied stock solution; do not dilute. Liposomes sediment easily; mix gently before use. If many animals need to be injected over an extended period, resuspend regularly, because liposomes settle in the syringe and the dose delivered to the first and last animals may otherwise differ markedly. Liposomes taken from 4 °C must not be used immediately; allow them to return to room temperature before injection. For liver macrophage depletion, tail vein injection is recommended; collect the liver 24 h later. For immunohistochemistry, perfusion is not required; for flow cytometry, perfusion is necessary, and detection of F4/80 and CD11b is recommended. For intravenous injection, the volume should be based on the animal's body weight and should not exceed 0.1 mL per 10 mg of body weight; for intraperitoneal injection the volume may be increased appropriately; for subcutaneous injection, decide according to the capacity of the injection site. The injection site, dose, timing and schedule for depleting macrophages in different organs or tissues depend on the specific experimental design; refer to relevant literature for a protocol matching your experimental purpose. |
| Components / Formulation | This kit contains two components, each stored at 2-8 °C: Clodronate Liposomes (in vivo macrophage depletion reagent): 2 mL, 5 mL or 10 mL Control Liposomes (PBS) (blank liposome control): 2 mL, 5 mL or 10 mL |
| Storage Conditions | Store at 2-8 °C. Do not freeze! The suspension must not be frozen and must not be heated above 30 °C. |
| Shelf Life | 6 months when stored at 2-8 °C. For best performance, use within 3 months of receipt. |
| Package Specifications | 2 mL + 2 mL 5 mL + 5 mL 10 mL + 10 mL |
| Product Form | Liquid liposome suspension (kit of Clodronate Liposomes plus Control Liposomes in PBS) |
| Quality Control | Produced in large batches; every batch is tested for clodronate concentration and possible contaminants, and is only released after passing these checks. |
| Concentration | Clodronate: 5 mg/mL |
| Shipping Conditions | Shipped with ice packs. Do not freeze during transport; product that has frozen during transport cannot be used. |
| Expiration Date / Stability | Liposomes are sensitive to extreme temperatures: store and transport at 2-8 °C (4-8 °C recommended); never freeze and do not heat above 30 °C. Use within 3 months of receipt to ensure optimal performance. |
| Regulatory / Compliance | For research use only. |
| Compatibility | Depletion efficiency can be assessed by flow cytometry (F4/80, CD11b) or immunohistochemistry; suitable for downstream macrophage function studies. |
| Application Notes / Precautions | Do not freeze; frozen product cannot be used. Do not heat above 30 °C. Use the liposomes as the supplied stock solution; do not dilute. Mix gently before use and allow the liposomes to return to room temperature before injection; injecting an inhomogeneous suspension or cold liposomes directly from the refrigerator may cause rapid animal death after intravenous injection. Maintain aseptic technique: after in vivo macrophage depletion, animals are more susceptible to infection by viral particles, bacteria or yeast, and bacterial contamination during handling may cause animal death within days of injection. The product can be used for in vitro macrophage depletion, but it is better suited for in vivo experiments: in vitro, clodronate released from dying cells or leaking from liposomes remains in the culture medium and slowly enters cells, whereas in vivo free clodronate has a very short half-life and is rapidly cleared by the kidneys. In rats, ED2+ mature macrophages can be completely depleted, while ED1+ cells are only partially depleted because ED1+ ED2- precursor cells have little or no phagocytic activity. |
| Batch-to-Batch Consistency | Clodronate liposomes are manufactured in large batches; each batch is tested for clodronate concentration and possible contaminants to ensure consistent quality before sale. |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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