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| Product Name | Guanidine Hydrochloride, 6 M Solution, Molecular Biology Grade |
| Catalog No. | ATR-SDS-0029 |
| Description | Ready-to-use 6 M guanidine hydrochloride solution in ultrapure water for total protein denaturation, nucleic acid extraction, and inclusion body solubilization. Guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) is the strongest commonly used chaotropic agent (denaturant m-value ~2.0-3.0 kcal/mol/M, approximately 2-fold stronger than urea). At 6 M, GdnHCl completely unfolds virtually all proteins to random coil conformations regardless of their thermodynamic stability. It is also a potent RNase inhibitor, making it essential for RNA extraction from RNase-rich tissues. The molecular biology grade solution is DNase/RNase-free, endotoxin-tested, and 0.1 µm filtered. |
| Intended Use | Complete protein denaturation and solubilization; inclusion body protein extraction; RNase inactivation during RNA isolation; chromatographic purification of proteins under denaturing conditions; preparation of reduced and alkylated proteins for mass spectrometry. |
| Principle / Technology | GdnHCl disrupts hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and ionic interactions in proteins; chloride and guanidinium ions preferentially interact with protein backbone and side chains, shifting folding equilibrium to unfolded state; potent RNase inhibitor through denaturation of enzyme active sites. |
| Detection Method | Add 6 M GdnHCl solution to protein pellet or inclusion bodies (5-10 volumes); homogenize; incubate at room temperature or 37 °C for 30-60 minutes; add reducing agent (DTT or TCEP) if needed; centrifuge to clarify; for downstream applications, dilute or dialyze to reduce GdnHCl concentration. |
| Sample Type | E. coli inclusion bodies; insoluble recombinant proteins; RNase-rich tissue samples (pancreas, spleen); membrane protein preparations. |
| Performance Range / Specifications | Complete protein denaturation at ≥4 M GdnHCl for most proteins; 6 M ensures denaturation of even highly stable proteins (e.g., barnase, ubiquitin); visible solubilization of inclusion bodies within 15-30 minutes. |
| Sensitivity / LOD | Cyanate concentration <1 mM in 6 M solution; DNase/RNase not detected; endotoxin <0.05 EU/mL. |
| Specificity | Non-specific chaotropic denaturation of all protein classes; does not break covalent bonds including disulfide bonds; GdnHCl is incompatible with SDS (potassium dodecyl sulfate precipitates as potassium is a common GdnHCl counter-ion contaminant). |
| Reaction Conditions / Protocol | Solubilization: 37 °C, 30-60 minutes with gentle agitation; for RNA extraction: add GdnHCl to tissue, homogenize immediately to inactivate RNases; GdnHCl is compatible with β-mercaptoethanol or DTT for disulfide reduction. |
| Components / Formulation | Guanidine hydrochloride 6 M in ultrapure nuclease-free water (18.2 MΩ·cm); 0.1 µm filtered. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at room temperature (15-25 °C); protect from moisture and CO2 absorption; do not freeze (crystallization). |
| Shelf Life | 24 months from date of manufacture in unopened container. |
| Package Specifications | 100 mL, 500 mL, 1 L HDPE or glass bottles. |
| Product Form | Clear, colorless to very pale yellow liquid. |
| Quality Control | Each lot tested for GdnHCl concentration (refractive index: 6.0 ± 0.1 M, density 1.14 g/mL), pH, DNase/RNase activity, endotoxin, and absorbance at 280 nm. |
| Key Features | Strongest chaotropic denaturant (m-value 2-3× urea); ready-to-use 6 M solution; molecular biology grade, nuclease-free; potent RNase inhibitor; 0.1 µm filtered; consistent concentration; eliminates weighing of hygroscopic solid GdnHCl. |
| Purity | Guanidine hydrochloride ≥99.5% purity; DNase/RNase not detected; endotoxin <0.05 EU/mL; heavy metals <1 ppm. |
| Concentration | 6.0 ± 0.1 M (approximately 57% w/v; density ~1.14 g/mL at 20 °C). |
| Activity / Unit Definition | Complete protein denaturation; RNase inactivation within seconds at 4 M concentration. |
| Molecular Weight | 95.53 g/mol (CH5N3 · HCl). |
| Source / Origin | Synthetic from dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride; recrystallized and treated to remove trace cyanate and heavy metals. |
| pH Range / Optimal pH | Aqueous solution pH 4.0-6.0; GdnHCl itself is acidic but unbuffered solutions drift due to CO2 absorption. |
| Shipping Conditions | Ambient temperature. |
| Expiration Date / Stability | 24 months at room temperature unopened; after opening, use within 12 months. Gradual ammonia formation may occur — discard if ammonia odor develops. |
| Regulatory / Compliance | For research use only; not for diagnostic or therapeutic applications. Guanidine hydrochloride is harmful if swallowed and irritating to skin and eyes. |
| Compatibility | Compatible with most standard laboratory buffers. Incompatible with SDS (potassium guanidine dodecyl sulfate precipitates). GdnHCl precipitates at low temperatures in the presence of phosphate. For Bradford protein assay, GdnHCl at >0.1 M interferes — dilute samples or use BCA assay (GdnHCl compatible up to 1 M). For trypsin digestion, dilute to <0.5 M GdnHCl. |
| Recommended Buffer System | Not buffered; aqueous solution. Prepare in desired buffer by substituting buffer for water (custom available). |
| Application Notes / Precautions | GdnHCl is hygroscopic in solid form — the ready-to-use solution eliminates weighing errors. For SDS-PAGE, dilute GdnHCl-denatured samples at least 20-fold before adding SDS loading buffer. GdnHCl-solubilized inclusion bodies can be directly loaded onto Ni-NTA columns for on-column refolding. For mass spectrometry, desalt using C18 ZipTip or dialysis before analysis. Avoid contact with stainless steel for prolonged periods as GdnHCl is corrosive to some metals. |
| Batch-to-Batch Consistency | GdnHCl concentration 6.0 ± 0.1 M; pH within specification; DNase/RNase negative; endotoxin <0.05 EU/mL. |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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