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| Product Name | dNTP Mix (10 mM Each, PCR Grade) |
| Catalog No. | IEC-HMM-0059 |
| Description | An equimolar mixture of ultrapure deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP) at 10 mM each in nuclease-free water, adjusted to neutral pH. These nucleotides serve as the fundamental building blocks for DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases in PCR, sequencing, labeling, and cDNA synthesis reactions. |
| Intended Use | Substrate for DNA polymerases in all standard PCR, qPCR, RT-PCR, DNA sequencing, nick translation, random priming, and cDNA synthesis applications. |
| Principle / Technology | Deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are incorporated by DNA polymerases through nucleotidyl transfer reactions that extend the 3'-OH terminus of a primer annealed to a DNA template, releasing pyrophosphate as the leaving group. |
| Detection Method | Purity verified by HPLC analysis (>99% each nucleotide). Concentration verified by UV absorbance spectrophotometry using established molar extinction coefficients. |
| Sample Type | Added as a reagent component to any DNA polymerase-catalyzed reaction. |
| Performance Range / Specifications | Each dNTP: 10 mM +/- 5% in nuclease-free water, pH 7.0-7.5. Total nucleotide concentration: 40 mM. Suitable for 50-200 uM final concentration per dNTP in standard PCR (typically 200 uM each). |
| Sensitivity / LOD | Supports amplification from single-copy templates at standard working concentrations (200 uM each dNTP). Below 50 uM each, amplification efficiency may decrease. |
| Specificity | Ultrapure dNTPs with no detectable modified nucleotides, mono/diphosphate contaminants, or PCR inhibitors. Free of DNase, RNase, and nicking activities. |
| Reaction Conditions / Protocol | Use at 200 uM final concentration of each dNTP for standard PCR. For long-range PCR, reduce to 100 uM each. For mutagenesis, 200-500 uM each. Store at -20 °C in single-use aliquots. |
| Components / Formulation | 10 mM dATP, 10 mM dCTP, 10 mM dGTP, 10 mM dTTP in ultrapure nuclease-free water, pH adjusted to 7.0-7.5 with NaOH. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at -20 °C to -30 °C protected from light. Aliquot to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Shelf Life | 36 months at -20 °C from date of manufacture. |
| Package Specifications | 0.25 mL, 1 mL, 5 mL, 25 mL, and 100 mL configurations. Custom packaging and concentration options available for bulk orders. |
| Product Form | Clear, colorless aqueous solution. pH neutral. |
| Quality Control | Each lot tested by: HPLC purity analysis (>= 99% for each dNTP); UV spectrophotometric concentration verification; DNase, RNase, and nicking activity assays; functional PCR performance at 200 uM each with template titrations; absence of PCR inhibitors by qPCR efficiency testing. |
| Key Features | Ultrapure HPLC-verified quality; equimolar mixture for convenience; nuclease-free certification; suitable for all common PCR and molecular biology applications; extended shelf life at recommended storage temperature. |
| Purity | >= 99% per individual dNTP by reverse-phase HPLC analysis at 254 nm. Total impurities <1%. |
| Concentration | 10 mM each dNTP (40 mM total nucleotides). Custom concentrations (2.5, 5, 25, 100 mM) available. |
| Activity / Unit Definition | Standard substrate concentration for DNA polymerases. Km for Taq DNA polymerase: ~10-15 uM per dNTP; typical reaction uses 200 uM (well above Km for saturating kinetics). |
| Molecular Weight | dATP (disodium): 535.2 g/mol; dCTP (disodium): 531.2 g/mol; dGTP (disodium): 551.2 g/mol; dTTP (trisodium): 554.1 g/mol. |
| Source / Origin | Synthesized from purified nucleoside precursors via enzymatic or chemical phosphorylation. Produced in dedicated nucleotide synthesis facilities with ISO-certified quality management. |
| pH Range / Optimal pH | Solution pH 7.0-7.5. Buffering capacity in reaction provided by the PCR buffer; dNTPs are strong acids and may affect unbuffered solutions at high concentrations. |
| Shipping Conditions | Shipped with cold packs to maintain below 10 °C. Stable at ambient temperature for up to 1 week during transit. Store at -20 °C upon receipt. |
| Expiration Date / Stability | 36 months at -20 °C. When stored as aliquots, individual aliquots stable for up to 6 months at -20 °C after first thaw. Avoid alkaline pH and divalent cation contamination which accelerate dNTP degradation. |
| Regulatory / Compliance | ISO 9001 and ISO 13485 certified manufacturing. Pharmaceutical-grade dNTPs available with Drug Master File for therapeutic applications. |
| Compatibility | Universal substrate for all DNA polymerases including Taq, high-fidelity, and mesophilic polymerases. Compatible with standard Tris-based PCR buffers. Not a substrate for RNA polymerases (use NTPs for in vitro transcription). |
| Recommended Buffer System | Supplied in nuclease-free water without added buffer. pH adjusted with NaOH. Dilution in TE buffer (pH 8.0) is acceptable for working solutions. |
| Application Notes / Precautions | Minimize freeze-thaw cycles by preparing single-use working aliquots. dNTP solutions are acidic; verify reaction pH after adding high dNTP concentrations. For long-term storage, avoid exposure to light. Do not use if solution develops visible turbidity or precipitate. |
| Batch-to-Batch Consistency | HPLC purity >= 99% for every production batch. Concentration verified by UV spectrophotometry within +/- 5% of nominal value. Functional PCR performance equivalent across all production lots. |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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