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| Product Name | Phytohaemagglutinin M (PHA-M) |
| Catalog No. | RESK-0479 |
| Description | Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) is a lectin found in plants, particularly legumes. It is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein, a complex of oligosaccharides (composed of galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and mannose) and protein, with mitogenic activity and the ability to induce interferon secretion. PHA is a tetrameric glycoprotein formed by four subunits through non-covalent bonds. It contains two subunit types, the L subunit (leukoagglutinin) and the E subunit (erythroagglutinin), giving rise to five isoforms: L4, L3E1, L2E2, L1E3, and E4. The L subunit exhibits leukoagglutinating and high mitogenic activity, while the E subunit exhibits high erythroagglutinating and low mitogenic activity. PHA is commonly supplied as PHA-L, PHA-E, PHA-M, and PHA-P. PHA-L is purified L4 and functions mainly as a T-lymphocyte stimulant, widely used in immunology research (e.g., as a positive control in IFN-gamma ICS and ELISPOT assays, or as a stimulant in PBMC culture), and can also serve as an anterograde neuronal tracer. PHA-E is purified E4, mainly used for erythrocyte agglutination or glycosylation modification research. PHA-P is the protein form of PHA before separation and purification of PHA-L and PHA-E; PHA-M is the mucoid protein form of phytohaemagglutinin. The two are comparable in composition and are mainly used to stimulate peripheral mononuclear cell proliferation, promote the production of certain cytokines, and induce the expression of membrane surface proteins. This product is supplied as a powder, extracted from red kidney bean plants and purified by affinity chromatography. |
| Intended Use | Mainly used to stimulate peripheral mononuclear cell proliferation, promote the production of certain cytokines, and induce the expression of membrane surface proteins. |
| Principle / Technology | PHA-M is the mucoid protein form of phytohaemagglutinin, a tetrameric glycoprotein lectin with mitogenic activity. Extracted from red kidney bean plants and purified by affinity chromatography. |
| Performance Range / Specifications | Appearance: powder Recommended stock concentration: 5 mg/mL Recommended working concentration for stimulating lymphocyte proliferation: 2-10 ug/mL |
| Reaction Conditions / Protocol | Prepare directly with sterile PBS or cell culture medium and filter through a 0.2 um membrane. The recommended stock concentration is 5 mg/mL; the recommended working concentration for stimulating lymphocyte proliferation is 2-10 ug/mL. |
| Storage Conditions | Lyophilized powder: store directly at 4 °C. Prepared stock solution: store at 4 °C for about 2 weeks. After aliquoting, store at -20 °C; do not repeatedly freeze and thaw. |
| Shelf Life | Lyophilized powder: 3 years at 4 °C. Stock solution: about 2 weeks at 4 °C. Aliquoted solution: 6 months at -20 °C. |
| Package Specifications | 5 mg, 25 mg, 100 mg, 1 g |
| Product Form | Powder (lyophilized) |
| Concentration | Recommended stock concentration: 5 mg/mL; recommended working concentration: 2-10 ug/mL. |
| Source / Origin | Extracted from red kidney bean plants; purified by affinity chromatography. |
| Regulatory / Compliance | For research use only. |
| Recommended Buffer System | Sterile PBS or cell culture medium. |
| Application Notes / Precautions | Filter the prepared solution through a 0.2 um membrane before use. Do not repeatedly freeze and thaw aliquoted solutions. |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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