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| Product Name | Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Qualified, Heat-Inactivated, US Origin, 500 mL |
| Catalog No. | ATR-CCR-0040 |
| Description | Qualified fetal bovine serum (FBS) derived from blood collected from bovine fetuses at USDA-licensed abattoirs in the United States, processed by aseptic cardiac puncture and triple 0.1 um sterile-filtered through a validated filtration system. Each lot undergoes rigorous quality control testing including: sterility per USP <71>, mycoplasma, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and endotoxin (<5 EU/mL). The serum is heat-inactivated at 56 C for 30 minutes with continuous mixing to inactivate the complement system while preserving growth-promoting factors. FBS is the most universally used cell culture supplement, providing essential growth factors (IGF, EGF, PDGF, FGF), hormones (insulin, hydrocortisone), attachment and spreading factors (fibronectin, vitronectin), transport proteins (transferrin, albumin), lipids, minerals, and protease inhibitors required for optimal cell growth. This US-origin FBS offers reliable traceability and compliance with import regulations in most countries. |
| Intended Use | Universal cell culture supplement for: mammalian cell lines (adherent and suspension); primary cell culture; stem cell culture (embryonic and induced pluripotent — with appropriate validation); hybridoma culture for monoclonal antibody production; vaccine production research; cell-based assay development; biopharmaceutical research; and as a standard supplement for complete growth medium at 5-20% (v/v) final concentration. |
| Principle / Technology | FBS is the liquid fraction of fetal bovine blood after coagulation and removal of cells and clotting factors. It contains a complex mixture of: growth factors (PDGF, EGF, TGF-beta, FGF, IGF-1, IGF-2), hormones (insulin, hydrocortisone, thyroid hormones, estradiol, testosterone), attachment factors (fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, collagen), transport proteins (transferrin, albumin, lipoproteins), nutrients (amino acids, glucose, lipids, vitamins, nucleosides), trace elements, and enzyme inhibitors (alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-2-macroglobulin). Heat inactivation at 56 C for 30 min denatures heat-labile complement components (C1, C2, B factor) reducing complement-mediated cell lysis in immunologically sensitive applications. |
| Detection Method | Thaw frozen FBS at 2-8 C overnight or in a 37 C water bath with periodic gentle mixing (do not leave at 37 C for >1 h). Once thawed, mix gently by swirling; do not shake vigorously. Supplement basal medium to the desired final concentration (typically 5-20% v/v): for 10% FBS, add 50 mL FBS to 450 mL basal medium. Mix thoroughly. Filter-sterilize complete medium through 0.22 um filter if aseptic technique was not maintained. Pre-warm complete medium to 37 C before adding to cells. |
| Sample Type | Frozen liquid serum; thaw completely before use; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles (aliquot upon first thaw if entire bottle will not be used within 4-6 weeks). |
| Performance Range / Specifications | Total protein: 3.0-4.5 g/dL (biuret); hemoglobin: <20 mg/dL (spectrophotometric — indicates minimal red blood cell lysis during collection); endotoxin: <5 EU/mL (LAL); pH: 7.0-8.0 (after thawing); osmolality: 280-340 mOsm/kg; sterility: negative (bacterial and fungal, USP <71>); mycoplasma: negative; BVDV: negative. |
| Sensitivity / LOD | Not applicable — cell culture supplement. |
| Specificity | FBS is a universal supplement for mammalian cell culture; no specific target; varies between lots due to biological variability of donor fetuses. Each lot is pre-qualified for specific applications (hybridoma, adherent, suspension, insect cell, stem cell) based on growth promotion and plating efficiency testing. |
| Reaction Conditions / Protocol | Culture conditions: 37 C, 5% CO2, >95% humidity; FBS at 5-20% provides growth factors and nutrients; FBS concentration can be adjusted: 2-5% for maintenance, 10% for standard growth, 15-20% for fastidious cell lines and primary cultures. |
| Components / Formulation | Fetal Bovine Serum (US Origin), qualified, heat-inactivated (56 C, 30 min), triple 0.1 um sterile-filtered, 500 mL in PETG bottle. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at -20 C (or -80 C) for long-term storage; stable at -20 C for 60 months; after thawing: store at 2-8 C and use within 4-6 weeks; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles; protect from light. |
| Shelf Life | 60 months from manufacture at -20 C unopened; 4-6 weeks at 2-8 C after thawing. |
| Package Specifications | 500 mL PETG bottle; 100 mL, 500 mL sizes available. |
| Product Form | Frozen amber liquid; after thawing: clear amber to straw-colored liquid; possible slight turbidity (lipoprotein precipitate) that does not affect performance. |
| Quality Control | Each lot: sterility (USP <71>, bacterial and fungal, 14 days); mycoplasma (culture and Hoechst stain, negative); BVDV (FA test, negative); endotoxin (<5 EU/mL by LAL); hemoglobin (<20 mg/dL); total protein (3.0-4.5 g/dL); pH (7.0-8.0); osmolality (280-340 mOsm/kg); cell growth: Sp2/0 hybridoma (>1.5x10^6 cells/mL in 72 h), Vero (>3 population doublings in 5 days), CHO-K1 (>4x10^6 cells in 5 days, suspension); cloning efficiency: >10% for Sp2/0 at 5 cells/well. |
| Key Features | US origin FBS for reliable traceability; heat-inactivated (56 C, 30 min), triple 0.1 um sterile-filtered; endotoxin <5 EU/mL; hemoglobin <20 mg/dL; qualified for hybridoma and general cell culture; 60-month shelf life; comprehensive QC testing. |
| Purity | Sterile; mycoplasma-free; BVDV-free; hemoglobin <20 mg/dL; endotoxin <5 EU/mL; triple 0.1 um filtered. |
| Concentration | 100% serum; typical use at 5-20% v/v in cell culture medium; total protein 3.0-4.5 g/dL. |
| Activity / Unit Definition | Cell growth promotion: verified for each lot with standard cell lines; retains >90% growth-promoting activity after heat inactivation. |
| Molecular Weight | Albumin: ~66.5 kDa (most abundant protein); IgG: ~150 kDa; transferrin: ~80 kDa; complex mixture of macromolecules. |
| Source / Origin | Bovine fetuses from USDA-licensed abattoirs in the United States; collected by aseptic cardiac puncture; full traceability documentation available; country of origin: USA; animals inspected ante- and post-mortem by USDA veterinarians. |
| pH Range / Optimal pH | pH 7.0-8.0 after thawing; optimal for cell culture after dilution in bicarbonate-buffered medium. |
| Shipping Conditions | Dry ice (-80 C); product must remain frozen upon receipt; upon arrival, store immediately at -20 C. |
| Expiration Date / Stability | 60 months at -20 C; 4-6 weeks at 2-8 C after thawing; do not refreeze after thawing (protein degradation, precipitates). |
| Regulatory / Compliance | For research use only; not for diagnostic or therapeutic use. Not for human or animal injection. US origin — may require import permits in some countries. Certificates of origin and veterinary health certificates available upon request. Animal-derived product — handle per institutional biosafety guidelines. |
| Compatibility | Compatible with all standard basal media: DMEM, RPMI 1640, MEM, IMDM, Ham's F-12, DMEM/F12, Neurobasal, and others. Compatible with antibiotics and selection agents. FBS from different lots may vary in growth promotion — pre-test new lots against current lot before switching, especially for sensitive assays (hybridoma selection, stem cell differentiation, drug sensitivity). Heat inactivation may not be necessary for all cell types; many cell lines grow equally well in non-heat-inactivated FBS. For complement-sensitive applications (cytotoxicity assays, some immunology assays), heat inactivation is essential. Filter-sterilize complete medium after adding FBS if absolute sterility is required. |
| Recommended Buffer System | FBS is added to bicarbonate-buffered medium; does not provide inherent buffering; total protein in serum contributes to non-specific buffering capacity. |
| Application Notes / Precautions | Thaw FBS slowly at 2-8 C overnight to minimize cryoprecipitate formation. If flocculent precipitate appears after thawing, this is primarily fibrinogen, lipoproteins, and cryoglobulins — it does not affect growth-promoting activity. If precipitate is a concern for imaging or flow cytometry, centrifuge thawed serum at 3,000 x g, 15 min, 4 C and use supernatant. Never microwave or heat serum above 56 C. Aliquot serum into single-use volumes (50 mL conical tubes) upon first thaw if the entire bottle will not be consumed within 4-6 weeks. Track lot numbers in experiments for reproducibility. For stem cell culture, pre-screen FBS lots for maintenance of pluripotency markers and karyotype stability. For exosome research, use exosome-depleted FBS (ultracentrifuged at 100,000 x g overnight to remove bovine exosomes). |
| Batch-to-Batch Consistency | Total protein 3.0-4.5 g/dL; hemoglobin <20 mg/dL; endotoxin <5 EU/mL; cell growth within +/-20% of reference lot for standard indicator cell lines. |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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