| Product Name | TUNEL Apoptosis Assay Reagent (Red, Cell Samples) |
| Catalog No. | CCAT-HMM-0018 |
| Description | When cells undergo apoptosis, certain DNA endonucleases are activated, which cleave genomic DNA between nucleosomes, producing DNA fragments of 180 bp to 200 bp, resulting in a characteristic ladder pattern on agarose gel electrophoresis. When genomic DNA undergoes double-strand or single-strand breaks, numerous sticky 3'-OH ends are generated. These ends can bind to YF®-dUTP under the catalytic action of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), enabling direct detection of apoptotic cells via fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. This method is known as the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Since normal or proliferating cells have minimal DNA breaks and thus little 3'-OH formation, they are rarely stained. The TUNEL method can stain intact single apoptotic cell nuclei or apoptotic bodies in situ, accurately reflecting the typical biochemical and morphological characteristics of apoptosis, and can detect very small amounts of apoptotic cells, so it is widely used in apoptosis research. |
| Application | This product can be used to detect apoptosis in frozen or paraffin sections, as well as in cultured adherent or suspension cells. |
| Spectral Parameters | Ex/Em (nm) = 590/617 |
| Applicable Instruments | Fluorescence microscope, flow cytometer |
| Materials to Bring | PBS buffer (1×, pH ~7.4); 0.4% Triton X-100 (PBS-based); 0.1% Triton X-100 (PBS-based, containing 5 mg/mL BSA); 4% paraformaldehyde (PBS-prepared); anti-fluorescence quencher; ddH₂O |
| Storage | Store at -20°C away from light. |
| Notes | 1. Before use, centrifuge the product briefly to the bottom of the tube, then proceed with subsequent experiments. 2. When the staining background is heavy or non-specific staining is prominent, the staining time may be appropriately reduced. 3. It is recommended to include negative and positive control groups in the experiment. 4. When using Component A, wear a mask and gloves. If it comes into contact with the skin, rinse immediately with plenty of water. 5. Fluorescent dyes are prone to photobleaching. Please avoid exposure to light as much as possible to slow down photobleaching. |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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