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| Product Name | Phalloidin |
| Catalog No. | RESK-0564 |
| Description | Phalloidin is a bicyclic heptapeptide toxin derived from the death cap mushroom Amanita phalloides. It binds filamentous actin (F-actin) with high affinity (Kd = 20 nM) and high selectivity, without binding monomeric G-actin, and is commonly used to label F-actin in tissue sections, cell cultures, and cell-free systems for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Phalloidin binds large and small actin filaments from muscle and non-muscle cells of both animal and plant origin at a stoichiometry of approximately one phalloidin molecule per actin subunit, with virtually negligible nonspecific binding, giving a clear distinction between stained and unstained regions. Phalloidin is therefore well suited to replace actin antibodies in related studies. Because phalloidin is very small (diameter approximately 12-15 Å, molecular weight below 2000 Da), many physiological properties of unlabeled actin are preserved: labeled filaments still interact with actin-binding proteins such as myosin, tropomyosin, and DNase I; phalloidin-labeled filaments can still penetrate myosin-coated solid matrices; and glycerol-extracted muscle fibers can still contract after labeling. In addition, phalloidin binding prevents the depolymerization of actin filaments (microfilaments) and stabilizes microfilament structure, disrupting the dynamic polymerization-depolymerization equilibrium. This property lowers the critical concentration for actin polymerization to below 1 μg/mL, so phalloidin can also be used as a polymerization promoter, and it inhibits the ATP hydrolysis activity of F-actin. |
| Intended Use | For labeling and qualitative/quantitative analysis of F-actin in tissue sections, cultured cells, and cell-free systems; also usable as an actin polymerization promoter. |
| Principle / Technology | Phalloidin selectively binds F-actin with high affinity (Kd = 20 nM) at a stoichiometry of approximately one molecule per actin subunit, stabilizing microfilaments and preventing their depolymerization. It does not bind monomeric G-actin. |
| Detection Method | F-actin staining/labeling. This product is the unlabeled phalloidin core molecule (not a fluorophore conjugate). |
| Sample Type | Tissue sections, cell cultures, and cell-free systems; muscle and non-muscle cells of animal and plant origin. |
| Performance Range / Specifications | Molecular formula: C35H48N8O11S Molecular weight: 788.87 Appearance: white lyophilized powder Purity: ≥96% Solubility: 1 mg/mL in DMSO Sequence: Bicyclic(Ala-DThr-Cys-cis-4-hydroxy-Pro-Ala-2-mercapto-Trp-4,5-dihydroxy-Leu)(S-3 to 6) Binding affinity: Kd = 20 nM for F-actin |
| Specificity | Selectively binds F-actin (Kd = 20 nM) and does not bind monomeric G-actin; binds approximately one phalloidin molecule per actin subunit with negligible nonspecific binding. |
| Components / Formulation | Single-component reagent supplied as a white lyophilized powder. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at -20 °C. |
| Package Specifications | 1 mg; 5 mg |
| Product Form | White lyophilized powder. |
| Purity | ≥96% |
| Activity / Unit Definition | Lowers the critical concentration for actin polymerization to below 1 μg/mL and inhibits the ATP hydrolysis activity of F-actin. |
| Molecular Weight | 788.87 |
| Source / Origin | Derived from the death cap mushroom Amanita phalloides. |
| Shipping Conditions | Shipped with ice packs. |
| Regulatory / Compliance | For research use only. |
| Recommended Buffer System | Dissolve in DMSO (soluble at 1 mg/mL). |
| Application Notes / Precautions | Phalloidin is a potent toxin; handle with appropriate personal protective equipment and avoid ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Dissolve in DMSO before use. This product is unlabeled phalloidin; fluorophore-conjugated phalloidin derivatives are required for direct fluorescence imaging. |
| Recognition Site | Filamentous actin (F-actin); does not bind monomeric G-actin. |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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