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| Product Name | Mitochondrial Superoxide Red Fluorescent Indicator |
| Catalog No. | RESK-0568 |
| Description | This product is a novel mitochondrial fluorescent probe that specifically targets mitochondria for the selective detection of superoxide within these organelles. The probe permeates the membrane of live cells and selectively accumulates in mitochondria. Once inside mitochondria, it is oxidized by superoxide and emits red fluorescence. The probe is rapidly oxidized by superoxide but not by other reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Upon oxidation, the product binds nucleic acids and produces strong fluorescence. The product is supplied as a powder. |
| Intended Use | Selective detection of superoxide in the mitochondria of live cells by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry, for studies of mitochondrial oxidative stress. |
| Principle / Technology | A live-cell-permeant, mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe. It selectively enters mitochondria, where it is rapidly and specifically oxidized by superoxide (not by other ROS or RNS). The oxidized product binds nucleic acids and generates intense red fluorescence. Excitation at 396 nm selectively excites the superoxide oxidation product with minimal interference from non-specific oxidation products, yielding more accurate results, although stronger fluorescence signal can be obtained with 510 nm excitation. |
| Detection Method | Red fluorescence detection (Ex/Em 396/610 nm) by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. |
| Sample Type | Live cells. Staining of fixed cells or tissue samples is not recommended, as staining may fail or the fluorescence may be quenched within a very short time. |
| Performance Range / Specifications | Molecular Formula: C43H43N3IP Molecular Weight: 759.71 Fluorescence Spectra: Ex/Em = 396/610 nm Solubility: soluble in DMSO Purity: >=97% |
| Specificity | Rapidly oxidized by superoxide but not by other reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS); excitation at 396 nm further minimizes interference from non-specific oxidation products. |
| Reaction Conditions / Protocol | Prepare the staining working solution in HBSS (containing calcium and magnesium); PBS can also be used to dissolve the probe. For a 35 mm confocal dish, 1-2 mL of staining solution is recommended; for a 96-well plate, 100 μL per well. Incubate at 37 °C for 10 min; the incubation may be extended to 10-20 min but should not exceed 30 min. If obvious nuclear staining or overexposure occurs, reduce the working concentration (100 nM to 1 μM) and shorten the staining time; if the signal is weak, the concentration may be increased above 5 μM and the working solution should be pre-warmed. The optimal concentration is sample-dependent and should be determined empirically with reference to the literature. When co-staining with another mitochondrial dye (e.g., a green mitochondrial probe), stain sequentially rather than mixing both dyes: stain with one dye, wash, and then stain with the other. |
| Components / Formulation | Mitochondrial superoxide red fluorescent probe, supplied as a powder. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at -25 to -15 °C, protected from light and kept dry; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Shelf Life | 2 years when stored as recommended. |
| Package Specifications | 50 μg |
| Product Form | Powder. |
| Purity | >=97% |
| Molecular Weight | 759.71 |
| Expiration Date / Stability | Valid for 2 years when stored at -25 to -15 °C, protected from light and dry; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Regulatory / Compliance | For research use only. |
| Compatibility | Suitable for fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Can be combined with green mitochondrial dyes using sequential staining. Not related to immunofluorescence (antibody-based) assays; intended for direct live-cell superoxide detection. |
| Recommended Buffer System | HBSS (containing calcium and magnesium) for the staining working solution; the probe can also be dissolved in PBS. |
| Application Notes / Precautions | Use live, unfixed cells; fixed cells or tissues may fail to stain or show rapid fluorescence quenching. Excitation at 396 nm is recommended for selective detection of the superoxide oxidation product, as interference from non-specific oxidation products is minimal at this wavelength. If nuclear staining occurs, lower the working concentration and shorten the staining time. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles; protect from light. |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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