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| Product Name | Mitochondria Deep Red Fluorescent Probe (FM) |
| Catalog No. | RESK-0549 |
| Description | Mitochondria Deep Red Fluorescent Probe (FM) is a cell-permeable, carbocyanine-based deep red fluorescent probe (Ex = 644 nm, Em = 665 nm) bearing a weakly thiol-reactive chloromethyl group for mitochondrial labeling. After simply incubating cells with the probe, it passively diffuses across the cell membrane and directly accumulates in active mitochondria. Once mitochondria are stained, cells can be fixed with aldehyde fixatives such as formaldehyde and permeabilized with detergents such as Triton X-100 according to downstream experimental needs, and the probe is retained in the cells. Its red fluorescence is well resolved from green fluorescent probes, making the product well suited for dual-labeling experiments. Unlike conventional mitochondrial fluorescent probes such as TMR and rhodamine 123, which readily accumulate in functional mitochondria but are washed out once the mitochondrial membrane potential is lost, this probe is retained after staining, extending its utility to experiments that require aldehyde fixation or involve factors affecting the mitochondrial energy state. |
| Intended Use | Deep red (far-red) fluorescent staining of active mitochondria in live cells, including experiments that require subsequent fixation and permeabilization; suitable for dual labeling with green fluorescent probes. |
| Principle / Technology | The cell-permeable carbocyanine-based dye passively crosses the cell membrane and directly accumulates in active mitochondria. Its weakly thiol-reactive chloromethyl group promotes retention of the probe in mitochondria, so the signal is preserved after aldehyde fixation and permeabilization. |
| Detection Method | Fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, or fluorescence microplate reader; Ex/Em = 644/665 nm. |
| Sample Type | Live cultured animal cells. The probe series was developed for animal cells; staining of plants or prokaryotes is difficult because of the cell wall and has not been validated. |
| Performance Range / Specifications | CAS No.: N/A Molecular formula: C34H36Cl2N2 Molecular weight: 543.58 Ex: 644 nm Em: 665 nm Appearance: blue solid |
| Specificity | Selective for mitochondria; the dye directly accumulates in active mitochondria of live cells. |
| Reaction Conditions / Protocol | Simply incubate cells with the probe; the dye passively crosses the cell membrane and directly accumulates in active mitochondria. After staining, cells may be fixed with aldehyde fixatives (e.g., formaldehyde) and permeabilized (e.g., Triton X-100) as required. Alternatively, samples can be fixed with pre-chilled 100% methanol at -20 °C for 15 min. |
| Components / Formulation | Single vial of Mitochondria Deep Red Fluorescent Probe (FM) solid. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at -20 °C, protected from light and kept dry. |
| Shelf Life | 1 year when stored as recommended. |
| Package Specifications | 50 μg |
| Product Form | Blue solid. |
| Molecular Weight | 543.58 |
| Shipping Conditions | Shipped at room temperature. |
| Expiration Date / Stability | Stable for 1 year when stored at -20 °C, protected from light and kept dry. |
| Regulatory / Compliance | For research use only. |
| Compatibility | Compatible with aldehyde fixation (e.g., formaldehyde) and detergent permeabilization (e.g., Triton X-100) after staining; fixation with pre-chilled 100% methanol at -20 °C for 15 min is also acceptable. Suitable for dual labeling with green fluorescent probes. |
| Recommended Buffer System | If HBSS is unavailable, PBS or serum-free medium can be used as a substitute; for flow cytometry, add a sufficient volume (e.g., 100-200 uL). |
| Application Notes / Precautions | If only diffuse red signal around the nucleus is observed without mitochondrial structures, the probe concentration may be too high or the cells may not have been washed thoroughly after probe incubation, causing non-specific staining. After staining, observation and imaging should be completed within 1 h; overnight storage leads to loss of fluorescence. Observe immediately after staining to ensure reliable imaging results. The probe series was developed for animal cells; staining of plant cells or prokaryotes is difficult because of their cell walls and has not been validated. Staining results can be read on a microplate reader, but fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, or flow cytometry is preferred. |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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