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| Product Name | DiO (DiOC18(3)) Cell Membrane Green Fluorescent Probe |
| Catalog No. | RESK-0534 |
| Description | DiO (DiOC18(3)) is a lipophilic fluorescent dye used to stain cell membranes and other lipid-soluble biological structures. After entering the cell membrane, DiO diffuses laterally across the entire membrane and, at optimal concentrations, stains the whole cell membrane. DiO is only weakly fluorescent before entering the membrane, but its fluorescence intensity is greatly enhanced upon membrane binding, emitting green fluorescence upon excitation with a high extinction coefficient and a long excited-state lifetime. It can be detected with a standard FITC filter set. DiO generally does not markedly affect cell viability and is therefore widely used as an anterograde or retrograde tracer and long-term tracer for living or fixed neural cells and tissues. Beyond simple membrane fluorescent labeling, it can also be used to monitor cell fusion and adhesion, track cell migration during development or transplantation, measure lipid diffusion within the membrane by FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching), assess cytotoxicity, and label lipoproteins. |
| Intended Use | Fluorescent labeling of cell membranes and other lipophilic biological structures; anterograde/retrograde and long-term tracing of living or fixed cells and tissues (e.g., neural cells); cell fusion and adhesion assays; cell migration tracking during development or transplantation; FRAP-based measurement of lipid diffusion in membranes; cytotoxicity testing; lipoprotein labeling. For research use only. |
| Principle / Technology | DiO is a lipophilic carbocyanine dye that inserts into lipid bilayers. It is virtually non-fluorescent in aqueous solution but becomes strongly fluorescent once incorporated into the cell membrane, where it diffuses laterally to label the entire membrane at optimal concentration, producing green fluorescence upon excitation. |
| Detection Method | Fluorescence detection using a standard FITC filter set. Recommended filters: XF23-Omega, 31001-Chroma. Ex/Em = 484/501 nm. |
| Sample Type | Living or fixed cells and tissues, including neural cells and tissues; cell membranes and other lipid-containing membrane structures; lipoproteins. |
| Performance Range / Specifications | Synonyms: DiOC18(3); DiO perchlorate; 3,3-Dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate CAS NO.: 34215-57-1 Molecular Formula: C53H85ClN2O6 Molecular Weight: 881.72 Appearance: Orange to red solid Ex/Em: 484/501 nm Recommended filters: XF23-Omega, 31001-Chroma Purity: >97% Solubility: Soluble in DMF, DMSO, and ethanol |
| Specificity | No cell-type or species specificity. As a lipophilic membrane dye, DiO inserts into lipid membranes and diffuses laterally, progressively staining the plasma membrane and other membrane-containing structures of the cell. |
| Reaction Conditions / Protocol | Prepare a 1-2 mM stock solution in DMSO or DMF. If obvious insoluble precipitate appears when dissolving in DMSO, sonicate to aid dissolution (reference conditions: 40 kHz, 50 °C, approximately 1 h). Because the solubility of DiO in DMF is higher than in DMSO or ethanol, DMF is recommended as the solvent, also with sonication if needed. For fixed-cell staining, fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde is recommended; other inappropriate fixatives may cause high fluorescence background. If nuclei and cytoplasm are also stained when cells are fixed before DiO staining, possible causes include excessive dye concentration (reduce the concentration), overly long staining time (shorten the staining time), inappropriate fixative, or expired product. |
| Components / Formulation | Supplied as an orange to red solid (lipophilic carbocyanine dye, DiO perchlorate). |
| Storage Conditions | Store at -20 °C, dry and protected from light. |
| Shelf Life | 1 year when stored at -20 °C, dry and protected from light. |
| Package Specifications | 10 mg 25 mg |
| Product Form | Solid |
| Quality Control | Purity >97%. |
| Purity | >97% |
| Molecular Weight | 881.72 |
| Shipping Conditions | Shipped with ice packs. |
| Expiration Date / Stability | Valid for 1 year when stored at -20 °C, dry and protected from light. |
| Regulatory / Compliance | For research use only. |
| Compatibility | Cell nuclei can be counterstained after membrane staining. Detectable with standard FITC filter sets. |
| Application Notes / Precautions | Prepare stock solutions in DMF (preferred) or DMSO at 1-2 mM; sonicate (40 kHz, 50 °C, ~1 h) if precipitation occurs. Avoid excessive dye concentration and overly long staining times, which may cause nuclear and cytoplasmic background staining in fixed cells. Fix cells with 4% paraformaldehyde; other fixatives may increase fluorescence background. Do not use expired product; repurchase if the product has been stored for an extended period. Protect from light during storage. |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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