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| Product Name | DiD Perchlorate (DiIC18(5)) Cell Membrane Red Fluorescent Probe |
| Catalog No. | RESK-0556 |
| Description | DiI, DiO, DiD, and DiR are a series of lipophilic fluorescent dyes used to stain cell membranes and other lipid-soluble biological structures. They are environment-sensitive dyes whose fluorescence intensity increases significantly when bound to membranes or to lipophilic biomolecules such as proteins, although their fluorescence in water is very weak. These dyes exhibit very high molar extinction coefficients, polarity-dependent fluorescence, and very short excited-state lifetimes. DiD is a derivative of DiI with excitation and emission spectra that are markedly red-shifted, making it especially suitable for labeling cells or tissues with significant autofluorescence. DiD can be excited by the 633 nm helium-neon (He-Ne) laser line and emits red fluorescence. It is very weakly fluorescent before entering the cell membrane, and its fluorescence intensity is greatly enhanced upon membrane binding. Once inside the cell, the dye diffuses throughout the entire cell membrane and, at optimal concentration, stains the whole cell. |
| Intended Use | Fluorescent labeling of cell membranes and other lipid-soluble biological structures in live or fixed cells and tissues, particularly samples with significant autofluorescence. |
| Principle / Technology | DiD Perchlorate is an environment-sensitive lipophilic carbocyanine dye. It is weakly fluorescent in water but fluoresces strongly when inserted into lipid membranes or bound to lipophilic biomolecules. After incorporation into the cell membrane, it diffuses laterally, progressively staining all membrane-containing structures of the cell. |
| Detection Method | Red/far-red fluorescence detection (Ex/Em 644 nm/663 nm); excitable with the 633 nm He-Ne laser line; recommended optical filters: XF47-Omega or 31023-Chroma. |
| Sample Type | Live or fixed animal and plant cells and tissues (no cell-type specificity). Bacteria can theoretically be stained after removal of the cell wall; plant cells or tissues generally need to be prepared as protoplasts. Exosomes possess membrane structures and can theoretically be stained, but the staining performance has not been tested and should be verified by the user based on published literature. |
| Performance Range / Specifications | English synonyms: DiIC18(5); 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylindodicarbocyanine Perchlorate Molecular formula: C61H99ClN2O4 Molecular weight: 959.91 Ex/Em: 644 nm/663 nm Recommended optical filters: XF47-Omega, 31023-Chroma Appearance: red, purple, or dark blue solid Purity: >97% (TLC) Solubility: soluble in DMF, DMSO, and ethanol |
| Specificity | No cell-type specificity: as a lipophilic dye, it inserts into lipid membranes and labels animal and plant cells without preference. After entering the cell membrane, the dye diffuses laterally and gradually stains all membrane-containing structures of the cell. Its red-shifted spectra make it well suited for samples with strong autofluorescence. |
| Reaction Conditions / Protocol | Can directly stain live cells or tissues. For fixed cells or tissues, fixation is usually performed with 4% paraformaldehyde; other inappropriate fixatives may cause high fluorescent background or poor staining. Permeabilization is not recommended. If permeabilization is necessary, use a detergent-free permeabilization solution, because detergent-containing solutions react with membrane lipids, weaken the fluorescence, and increase intracellular staining, affecting localization. |
| Components / Formulation | DiD Perchlorate (DiIC18(5)) lipophilic carbocyanine dye, supplied as a single 25 mg unit. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at -20 °C, dry and protected from light. |
| Shelf Life | Two years when stored at -20 °C, dry and protected from light. |
| Package Specifications | 25 mg |
| Product Form | Red, purple, or dark blue solid |
| Purity | >97% (TLC) |
| Molecular Weight | 959.91 |
| Shipping Conditions | Shipped on wet ice. |
| Expiration Date / Stability | Valid for two years when stored at -20 °C, dry and protected from light. |
| Regulatory / Compliance | For research use only. |
| Compatibility | Excitable with the 633 nm He-Ne laser line; compatible with standard far-red/red filter sets (XF47-Omega, 31023-Chroma). |
| Recommended Buffer System | Soluble in DMF, DMSO, and ethanol; dissolve in DMF, DMSO, or ethanol to prepare stock solutions. |
| Application Notes / Precautions | Use 4% paraformaldehyde for fixation when working with fixed samples; unsuitable fixatives can cause high background or poor staining. Avoid detergent-based permeabilization, which weakens membrane fluorescence and increases intracellular staining. For bacteria, remove the cell wall before staining; for plant cells or tissues, prepare protoplasts first. Exosome staining is theoretically possible but has not been tested; refer to published literature and validate empirically. |
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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