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| Product Name | Human CD31 ELISA Kit |
| Catalog No. | EC-0049 |
| Description | Human CD31 ELISA kit is a kit for the in vitro detection of human CD31 protein using enzyme-linked adsorption reaction. |
| Species Characteristics | Human |
| Cross-reaction | No cross reactivity with other human adhesion molecules. |
| Specificity | Recognizes both natural and recombinant human soluble PECAM-1. |
| Application | It can be used for immediate in vitro detection of human CD31. |
| Storage | Store at 4°C. |
| Transportation Condition | Transportation at room temperature. |
CD31, also known as Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (PECAM-1), is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion molecules. It plays a pivotal role in multiple physiological and pathological processes, making the accurate detection of human CD31 protein crucial for both basic research and clinical translational studies.
Key Biological Functions of CD31
Vascular Biology Regulation: CD31 is predominantly expressed on the surface of endothelial cells (especially at intercellular junctions), platelets, leukocytes, and hematopoietic progenitor cells. It mediates cell-cell adhesion and interactions, which are essential for maintaining vascular integrity, regulating endothelial barrier function, and facilitating leukocyte transmigration across vessel walls during inflammation.
Angiogenesis Modulation: During angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels), CD31 participates in endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and tube formation—key steps in tissue development, wound healing, and tumor vascularization. Abnormal CD31 expression is often associated with impaired angiogenesis in conditions like ischemic diseases or excessive angiogenesis in tumors.
Immune Response Coordination: CD31 acts as a signaling molecule in immune cells. It regulates T-cell activation, B-cell differentiation, and macrophage function, contributing to the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. Dysregulation of CD31 signaling may lead to autoimmune diseases or weakened anti-tumor immunity.
Clinical Relevance as a Biomarker: Due to its tissue-specific expression and functional significance, CD31 has become a valuable biomarker in various research fields. For example, in oncology, CD31 is widely used to quantify tumor microvessel density (MVD)—a prognostic indicator for tumor aggressiveness and response to anti-angiogenic therapies. In cardiovascular research, it helps evaluate endothelial dysfunction in diseases like atherosclerosis and hypertension.
Need for Reliable CD31 Detection Tools
Traditional methods for detecting CD31 (such as Western blotting or immunohistochemistry) often have limitations, including low sensitivity for soluble CD31, high sample consumption, or inability to quantify protein levels accurately. The Human CD31 ELISA Kit addresses these gaps by leveraging the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technology—an established, high-throughput method that enables precise, quantitative detection of soluble CD31 in various human biological samples. This kit is designed to meet the growing demand for reliable CD31 analysis in academic research, pharmaceutical development, and clinical diagnostics.
Human-Specific Detection: The kit is exclusively optimized for human CD31 protein, with no cross-reactivity with other human adhesion molecules (e.g., CD44, CD62P, or VCAM-1). This ensures that detection signals are strictly derived from the target protein, eliminating false-positive results caused by non-specific binding.
Broad Analyte Recognition: It recognizes both natural human soluble PECAM-1 (found in serum, plasma, or cell culture supernatants) and recombinant human CD31. This versatility allows researchers to use the kit for diverse sample types, whether analyzing endogenously expressed CD31 in clinical samples or recombinant protein in bioproduction quality control.
Convenient Storage and Transportation: The kit can be stored at 4°C (no need for ultra-low temperature freezers) and transported at room temperature. This simplifies inventory management for laboratories and reduces the risk of reagent degradation during shipping, ensuring consistent performance upon arrival.
Ready-to-Use Workflow: The kit includes pre-validated reagents (such as pre-coated plates, enzyme-conjugated antibodies, and substrates) and a standardized protocol. Researchers can complete the detection process without time-consuming reagent preparation, minimizing operational errors and shortening experiment duration.
Wide Sample Compatibility: It is compatible with common human biological samples, including serum, plasma (EDTA, citrate, or heparin-anticoagulated), and cell culture supernatants. This flexibility allows researchers to use the kit for different study designs, from clinical sample screening to in vitro cell model experiments.
High Sensitivity for Trace Detection: Built with a high-affinity antibody pair and a signal amplification system, the kit can detect human CD31 at the pg/mL level. This is critical for samples with low CD31 concentrations (e.g., early-stage tumor patient serum or conditioned media from low-density cell cultures), where less sensitive methods may fail to capture meaningful signals.
Excellent Reproducibility and Consistency: Each batch of the kit undergoes rigorous quality control (QC) testing, including inter-batch and intra-batch variation analysis. The coefficient of variation (CV) for both intra-assay and inter-assay is less than 10%, ensuring that results are reliable across different experiments, operators, or time points—essential for long-term research projects or clinical trial data validation.
Time and Cost Efficiency: The optimized protocol reduces the total experiment time to 3–4 hours (from sample addition to result reading). Additionally, the kit is available in 48T and 96T formats, allowing laboratories to choose the appropriate size based on sample throughput, avoiding reagent waste and reducing per-sample testing costs.
Minimal Matrix Interference: The kit’s buffer system is designed to reduce matrix effects from components in biological samples (e.g., lipids, hemoglobin, or heterophilic antibodies). This ensures accurate quantification even in complex samples like hemolyzed serum or lipid-rich plasma, eliminating the need for extensive sample pre-treatment.
Compliance with Research Standards: The reagents meet international quality standards for ELISA kits, and the protocol is aligned with common laboratory practices (e.g., compatible with standard microplate readers). This ensures that data generated using the kit is comparable to results from other validated platforms, facilitating collaboration and data publication.
For research use only, not for clinical use.
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